- Background
- First Round Table Conference
- Starting of Conference
- Total Number of Participants
- The Matter Decided at the Conference
- Where was the second round table conference held?
- Formation of Federal and Ministries Problem
- Result of the Conference
- Conclusion
Background:
Under the Act of 1919, after ten years new reforms were to be introduced after viewing the previous reforms in 1927, Simon Commission Anyhow this commission failed in its objective. The Nehru Report was formulated in 1928. Its suggestion was based on anti-Muslim planning. Therefore the Muslims refused. In the answer to the Nehru, Report Quaid-e-Azam presented his Fourteen points that were not accepted by Hindus.
Under these conditions, the constitutional crisis of India took serious shape. At last to overcome these crises "Three Round Table Conferences" were held in London from 1930-1932.
First Round Table Conference
Starting of Conference
The British Prime Minister Mac Donald started the First Round Table Conference on 12th November 1930, and it continued till 19th January 1931.
Total Number of Participants
In the First Round Table Conference, a total of 72 Indian representatives participated. 16 of which were Muslim. Among the Prominent Muslim Leaders were Sir Agha Khan, Quaid-e-Azam, and Moulana Muhammad Ali Johar.
The Matter Decided at the Conference
In the First Round Table Conference, the following matters were unanimously decided.
- Federal Way of Government of India
- Formation of Provencal Authority
- Separation of Sindh from Bombay
- Implementation of Reforms in N.W.F.P
Where was the second round table conference held?
The Second Round Table Conference started on 7th September 1931. Due to the death of Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar. Allama Iqbal was anticipated as a Muslim representative. Gandhi was a representative of the Congress side.
Formation of Federal and Ministries Problem
To solve the problem of federal affairs and Hindu-Muslim relations two separate committees were formed under the leadership of Gandhi Due to his stubbornness of Gandhi the problems became more complicated. Due to the stubbornness of Gandhi the Muslims, Christians, Shudras, and Sikhs came to an agreement in which Sir Agha Khan was President on 13 November 1930. Gandhi refused this agreement.
Result of the Conference
This Conference like the first one failed on 1st December 1931, due to the stubbornness of Gandhi THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
Gandhi was responsible for the failure of the Second Round Table Conference. Not only this he is in the Third Round Conference. Other hand Quaid-e-Azam didn’t participate because of his principled view. Because OF THIS REASONS THE Conference started on 17th November 1932 and closed on 24th December 1932 without any success.
Conclusion
The reason for holding the round table conferences was to stop the constitutional crises and give suggestions for that. This objective was not achieved due to the stubbornness and Islamic animosity of Gandhi and Hindu Mahasabha. The two-year-long efforts of the British government to solve these constitutional crises failed. Anyhow it becomes clear to the British in the First Round Table conference from the point of view of Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar and other Leaders. Afterward on the suggestions of Round Table Conferences white paper was issued in 1933 and efforts were started to make the constitution of India. As a result, the Indian Act of 1935 was approved.